Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Enhanced inhibition of neuronal ferroptosis and regulation of microglial polarization with multifunctional traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients-based selenium nanoparticles for treating spinal cord injury

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101758

Figure Lengend Snippet: TSIIA/TMP/APS@Se NPs regulate the polarization of BV2 cells and improve the inflammatory microenvironment to rescue PC12 cells in a co-culture system. (A–D) The ELISA quantitative analysis of the inflammatory cytokines in BV2 cells after different treatments. (E) Schematic illustration of the modulation of TSIIA/TMP/APS@Se NPs on BV2 polarization. (F) Protein expression images of iNOS and Arg-1 in BV2 cells after different treatment of nanoparticles. (G) Flow cytometry result of the BV2 cells to identify the M1 phenotype (F4/80, CD16/32 double positive) and M2 phenotype (F4/80, CD206 double positive) after incubation with F4/80, CD16/32, CD206. (H) Schematic illustration of a co-cultured system between PC12 cells and BV2 cells, indicating outcomes of diverse treatments with Se NPs. (I) The representative images of Live/Dead stains of PC12 cells after different treatments of the co-cultured system. Scale bar = 200 μm ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ P < 0.0001, and ns ( P > 0.05) suggested no statistical difference.

Article Snippet: The immortalized murine microglial cell line BV2 is commonly used as a surrogate for primary microglia in CNS research [ ].

Techniques: Co-Culture Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Incubation, Cell Culture

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Combined Bacopa, Phosphatidylserine, and Choline Protect Against Stress-Induced Neurotoxicity

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines14020340

Figure Lengend Snippet: CRH-induced microglia activation. Decrease in cell viability ( A ) and cell number ( B ), increase in SIRT-1 ( C ) and Nrf-2 ( D ) protein expression, cell soma area ( E ), diameter ( F ), and number of cells in the proinflammatory state ( G ) by exposure of BV2 microglia cells to CRH 100 nM for 24 h. Scale bar: 20 µm. Vertical lines represent s.e.m.; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: The BV2 murine microglial cell line (C57BL/6; Tema Ricerca, Genova, Italy; 16–20 passages) was used for in vitro experiments.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Combined Bacopa, Phosphatidylserine, and Choline Protect Against Stress-Induced Neurotoxicity

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines14020340

Figure Lengend Snippet: Attenuation by BPC of CRH-induced microglia proinflammatory morphology. ( A ) Lack of effect of BPC (0.1–100 µg/mL) on BV2 cell viability at resting conditions. ( B ) Reversal of CHR-induced reduction in BV2 cell viability by BPC. ( C ) BPC treatment reduction in the percentage of cells in the proinflammatory state previously increased by CRH stimulation. ( D ) Restoration by BPC of cell number reduced by CRH exposure. Reduction in the CRH-induced increase in cell diameter ( E ) and soma area ( F ). ( G ) Representative images of CRH-stimulated cells treated with BPC (0.1–100 µg/mL). Scale bar: 50 µm. BV2 microglia cells were exposed to CRH 100 nM for 24 h. Vertical lines represent s.e.m.; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: The BV2 murine microglial cell line (C57BL/6; Tema Ricerca, Genova, Italy; 16–20 passages) was used for in vitro experiments.

Techniques:

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Combined Bacopa, Phosphatidylserine, and Choline Protect Against Stress-Induced Neurotoxicity

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines14020340

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of BPC constituents on CRH-stimulated BV2 cell morphology. ( A ) Lack of alteration in cell viability by BPC, CHOL, PHOSPH, and BACO. ( B ) Partial reversal of CRH-induced reduction in cell viability by CHOL. ( C ) Reduction in CRH-induced increase in soma area by CHOL. ( D ) Reduction in cell diameter by CHOL, PHOSP, and BACO. ( E ) Representative images of BV2 cells, Scale bar: 50 µm. BV2 microglia cells were exposed to CRH 100 nM for 24 h. Vertical lines represent s.e.m.; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001. BPC 0.1 µg/mL, CHOL 3.6 ng/mL, PHOSPH 2 ng/mL, BACO 1.25 ng/mL.

Article Snippet: The BV2 murine microglial cell line (C57BL/6; Tema Ricerca, Genova, Italy; 16–20 passages) was used for in vitro experiments.

Techniques:

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Combined Bacopa, Phosphatidylserine, and Choline Protect Against Stress-Induced Neurotoxicity

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines14020340

Figure Lengend Snippet: Attenuation by BPC of CRH-induced stress-related markers. CRH exposure increase in SIRT-1 ( A ), Nrf-2 ( B ), and p-JNK ( C ) levels and restoration of basal levels by BPC (0.1–100 µg/mL). BV2 microglia cells were exposed to CRH 100 nM for 24 h. Vertical lines represent s.e.m.; * p < 0.05 **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: The BV2 murine microglial cell line (C57BL/6; Tema Ricerca, Genova, Italy; 16–20 passages) was used for in vitro experiments.

Techniques:

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Combined Bacopa, Phosphatidylserine, and Choline Protect Against Stress-Induced Neurotoxicity

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines14020340

Figure Lengend Snippet: Attenuation by BPC of CRH-induced neurotoxicity. Lack of alteration of SH-SY5Y cell viability by BPC ( A ) and single constituents ( B ) at basal conditions. ( C ) Reduction in cell viability by CRH-stimulated BV2 conditioned medium and dose-dependent attenuation by BPC (0.1–100 µg/mL). Vertical lines represent s.e.m.; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: The BV2 murine microglial cell line (C57BL/6; Tema Ricerca, Genova, Italy; 16–20 passages) was used for in vitro experiments.

Techniques:

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Combined Bacopa, Phosphatidylserine, and Choline Protect Against Stress-Induced Neurotoxicity

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines14020340

Figure Lengend Snippet: BPC activation of the cholinergic system. ( A ) Lack of effect of CRH stimulation, BCP, CHOL, PHOSPH, and BACO on ChAT protein levels in BV2 cells. ( B ) Increase in AChE protein levels in BV2 cells by CRH exposure and prevention by BCP, CHOL, PHOSPH, and BACO. ( C ) AChE protein increased expression by exposure of SH-SY5Y cells to CRH-stimulated BV2 cells conditioned medium and effect of BCP, CHOL, PHOSPH and BACO treatment. Vertical lines represent s.e.m.; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, # p < 0.05 vs. BPC 0.1. CRH 100 nM for 24 h. BPC 0.1 µg/mL, CHOL 3.6 ng/mL, PHOSPH 2 ng/mL, BACO 1.25 ng/mL.

Article Snippet: The BV2 murine microglial cell line (C57BL/6; Tema Ricerca, Genova, Italy; 16–20 passages) was used for in vitro experiments.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Asiatic Acid Attenuates Salmonella typhimurium -Induced Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Damage by Inhibiting the TLR2/Notch and NF-κB Pathway in Microglia

doi: 10.3390/ijms27020602

Figure Lengend Snippet: AA inhibits the activation of NF-κB pathway in BV-2 cells caused by S.T . ( A , B ) The effect of AA and S.T on the viability of BV-2 cells as measured using a CCK-8 assay. ( C ) Western blot to detect NF-κB pathway protein changes in S.T infection and AA pretreatment BV-2 cells. ( D ) BV-2 cells NF-κB pathway protein grayscale images ( n = 3, * p < 0.05, compared with control; # p < 0.05, compared with S.T ). ( E ) Confocal images demonstrate p65 nuclear translocation in microglia after S.T infection and AA pretreatment (scale = 20 μM).

Article Snippet: The immortalized BV-2 cell line (Procell life Science & Technology, Wuhan, China) was used in vitro assays, as it possessed the morphological, phenotypic and functional characteristics of primary cultured BV-2 cells.

Techniques: Activation Assay, CCK-8 Assay, Western Blot, Infection, Control, Translocation Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Asiatic Acid Attenuates Salmonella typhimurium -Induced Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Damage by Inhibiting the TLR2/Notch and NF-κB Pathway in Microglia

doi: 10.3390/ijms27020602

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of AA on S.T -induced TLR2/Notch pathway proteins in BV-2 cells. ( A ) Activation of TLR2/Notch pathway in BV-2 cells after S.T infection and AA pretreatment detected by Western blot. ( B ) TLR2/Notch pathway protein grayscale images in BV-2 cells ( n = 3, * p < 0.05, compared with control; # p < 0.05, compared with S.T ). ( C ) Determination of Notch1 , Notch2 and Hes1 mRNA expression after S.T infection and pretreatment with AA by qPCR in microglia ( n = 3, * p < 0.05, compared with control; # p < 0.05, compared with S.T ). ( D ) Co-IP determination of protein interactions between Notch and p65 after S.T infection and AA pretreatment in microglia.

Article Snippet: The immortalized BV-2 cell line (Procell life Science & Technology, Wuhan, China) was used in vitro assays, as it possessed the morphological, phenotypic and functional characteristics of primary cultured BV-2 cells.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Infection, Western Blot, Control, Expressing, Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Asiatic Acid Attenuates Salmonella typhimurium -Induced Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Damage by Inhibiting the TLR2/Notch and NF-κB Pathway in Microglia

doi: 10.3390/ijms27020602

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibition of the TLR2 facilitates reduction in Notch, iNOS and NF-κB activity in S.T -infected BV-2 cells. ( A ) Western blot to detect Notch pathway protein changes in S.T infection BV-2 cells after TLR2 inhibition. ( B ) Grayscale values of Notch pathway protein bands in S.T -stimulated BV-2 cells after TLR2 inhibition ( n = 3, * p < 0.05, compared with control; p < 0.05, compared with S.T ). ( C ) Activation of iNOS and NF-κB pathway in S.T -infected microglia by Western blot after TLR2 inhibition. ( D ) Grayscale values of iNOS and NF-κB pathway protein bands in microglia after TLR2 inhibition ( n = 3, * p < 0.05, compared with control; p < 0.05, compared with S.T ). ( E ) NO levels in the supernatant of S.T -infected microglia after TLR2 inhibition ( n = 3, * p < 0.05, compared with control; p < 0.05, compared with S.T ). ( F ) Confocal representative images demonstrate p65 nuclear translocation in microglia after TLR2 inhibition (scale = 20 μM).

Article Snippet: The immortalized BV-2 cell line (Procell life Science & Technology, Wuhan, China) was used in vitro assays, as it possessed the morphological, phenotypic and functional characteristics of primary cultured BV-2 cells.

Techniques: Inhibition, Activity Assay, Infection, Western Blot, Control, Activation Assay, Translocation Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Asiatic Acid Attenuates Salmonella typhimurium -Induced Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Damage by Inhibiting the TLR2/Notch and NF-κB Pathway in Microglia

doi: 10.3390/ijms27020602

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibition of the Notch pathway facilitates reduction in iNOS and NF-κB activity in S.T -infected BV-2 cells. ( A ) Western blot to detect Notch pathway proteins changed in S.T infection BV-2 cells after Notch inhibition. ( B ) Grayscale values of Notch pathway protein bands in S.T -stimulated BV-2 cells after Notch inhibition ( n = 3, * p < 0.05, compared with control; p < 0.05, compared with S.T ). ( C ) Activation of iNOS and NF-κB in S.T -infected BV-2 cells by Western blot after Notch inhibition. ( D ) Grayscale values of iNOS and NF-κB pathway protein bands in BV-2 cells after Notch inhibition ( n = 3, * p < 0.05, compared with control; p < 0.05, compared with S.T ). ( E ) NO levels in the supernatant of S.T -infected BV-2 cells after Notch inhibition ( n = 3, * p < 0.05, compared with control; p < 0.05, compared with S.T ). ( F ) Confocal representative images demonstrate p65 nuclear translocation in BV-2 cells after Notch inhibition (scale = 20 μM).

Article Snippet: The immortalized BV-2 cell line (Procell life Science & Technology, Wuhan, China) was used in vitro assays, as it possessed the morphological, phenotypic and functional characteristics of primary cultured BV-2 cells.

Techniques: Inhibition, Activity Assay, Infection, Western Blot, Control, Activation Assay, Translocation Assay